Hao Zhimin: Thoughts on the development of organic pigments in China
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(Summary description) Summary After more than 30 years of hard work, China has become the world's largest producer and exporter of organic pigments. How to further develop and transform from a "manufacturing power" into a "manufacturing power" is a question that every Chinese painter must seriously think about. We should be soberly aware that even though China's organic pigments have been ranked first in the world in terms of production capacity, output, or export in terms of tonnage, most of the products are based on imitation, which is only "like in shape" rather than "Like", in most cases, only "knowing what is happening" but not "knowing what is happening" for production processes and technologies. If these problems are not resolved, it will restrict further development to the high-end market. The key to achieving the grand goal of a "manufacturing power" is "China's intelligent manufacturing", and its core is scientific and technological innovation. You need to calm down, lay a solid foundation, conduct in-depth research, and strive for perfection. Instead of imitating the product, you must strive to do better, surpassing the predecessors in terms of quality and cost. At the same time, on the global stage, we must fully understand and strictly abide by the rules of the game. I. Introduction In the past 30 years, thanks to the progress of reform and opening up and globalization, China's organic pigments have developed rapidly. Today, China has become the world's largest producer and exporter of pigments. Today's international organic pigment field is surging, which not only provides rare opportunities for China's organic pigment industry, but also poses many challenges. How should we develop in the future? This is a question that every Chinese painter should seriously consider. This article attempts to talk about some of the author's views and opinions on this issue, hoping to play a role in attracting new ideas. 2. The evolution of the world's organic pigments Stones from other hills, can learn. Let us first review the growth and development history of international organic pigments, and then consider China's organic pigment industry in the framework of globalization. To love beauty is the innate nature of human beings. Since ancient times, humans have been decorating and beautifying their lives through the use of colors. Archaeological discoveries show that cave paintings dating back more than 30,000 years have shown that the prehistoric people at that time used natural inorganic pigments. The use of more vivid natural organic coloring materials also has a history of thousands of years [1]. People at that time did not understand the difference between dyes and pigments. Early coloring materials, whether they were dyes or pigments in essence, were derived from natural substances, with limited sources, incomplete chromatograms, and unsatisfactory performance. The solution of these problems awaits the advent of synthetic coloring materials. In 1856, William Perkin synthesized Aniline Violet, which opened a precedent for synthetic coloring materials. Not long after, in 1858, Griess discovered the diazotization reaction and azo compounds, which laid the foundation for the synthesis of azo dyes and pigments. The initial work was mainly to synthesize organic dyes for the coloring of textile materials. Organic pigments are developed along with the technological progress of organic dyes. Throughout the development history of synthetic organic pigments for more than 100 years, it can be roughly divided into three different stages: From the emergence of the world's first synthetic organic pigment No. 1 Pigment Red (red monoazo pigment) in 1885 to the advent of phthalocyanine green pigment in 1938, this half century can be regarded as the first development stage. During this period, there are several milestones worth mentioning: In 1899, Julius synthesized Lithol Red Pigment (C.I. Pigment Red 49:1) by converting water-soluble dyes into lakes. Later, in 1902, C.I. Pigment Red 53:1 came out, and in 1903, Lithol Red (C.I. Pigment Red 57:1) was also put on the market. The first anthraquinone vat dye Indanthrene Blue (C.I. Vat Blue 4, or C.I. Pigment Blue 60) was invented in 1901. In 1910, the German Hearst Hansa series pigments were put on the market. In 1936, the British Chemical Industry Company developed the phthalocyanine blue pigment, and in 1938, the phthalocyanine green came out. In this first development stage, the main problem to be solved is to replace the natural inorganic pigments and natural organic pigments (mostly dyes) used in the early days with synthetic organic pigments, and to make the chromatogram basically compatible. Artificial organic synthesis solves the limitations of natural pigments in terms of sources and varieties, opens up the application field, and in a sense, makes "the former Wang Xie Tang Qian Yan flew into the homes of ordinary people." The forty years from the end of the Second World
Hao Zhimin: Thoughts on the development of organic pigments in China
(Summary description)
Summary
After more than 30 years of hard work, China has become the world's largest producer and exporter of organic pigments. How to further develop and transform from a "manufacturing power" into a "manufacturing power" is a question that every Chinese painter must seriously think about. We should be soberly aware that even though China's organic pigments have been ranked first in the world in terms of production capacity, output, or export in terms of tonnage, most of the products are based on imitation, which is only "like in shape" rather than "Like", in most cases, only "knowing what is happening" but not "knowing what is happening" for production processes and technologies. If these problems are not resolved, it will restrict further development to the high-end market. The key to achieving the grand goal of a "manufacturing power" is "China's intelligent manufacturing", and its core is scientific and technological innovation. You need to calm down, lay a solid foundation, conduct in-depth research, and strive for perfection. Instead of imitating the product, you must strive to do better, surpassing the predecessors in terms of quality and cost. At the same time, on the global stage, we must fully understand and strictly abide by the rules of the game.
I. Introduction
In the past 30 years, thanks to the progress of reform and opening up and globalization, China's organic pigments have developed rapidly. Today, China has become the world's largest producer and exporter of pigments.
Today's international organic pigment field is surging, which not only provides rare opportunities for China's organic pigment industry, but also poses many challenges.
How should we develop in the future? This is a question that every Chinese painter should seriously consider.
This article attempts to talk about some of the author's views and opinions on this issue, hoping to play a role in attracting new ideas.
2. The evolution of the world's organic pigments
Stones from other hills, can learn. Let us first review the growth and development history of international organic pigments, and then consider China's organic pigment industry in the framework of globalization.
To love beauty is the innate nature of human beings. Since ancient times, humans have been decorating and beautifying their lives through the use of colors. Archaeological discoveries show that cave paintings dating back more than 30,000 years have shown that the prehistoric people at that time used natural inorganic pigments. The use of more vivid natural organic coloring materials also has a history of thousands of years [1]. People at that time did not understand the difference between dyes and pigments. Early coloring materials, whether they were dyes or pigments in essence, were derived from natural substances, with limited sources, incomplete chromatograms, and unsatisfactory performance. The solution of these problems awaits the advent of synthetic coloring materials.
In 1856, William Perkin synthesized Aniline Violet, which opened a precedent for synthetic coloring materials. Not long after, in 1858, Griess discovered the diazotization reaction and azo compounds, which laid the foundation for the synthesis of azo dyes and pigments. The initial work was mainly to synthesize organic dyes for the coloring of textile materials. Organic pigments are developed along with the technological progress of organic dyes.
Throughout the development history of synthetic organic pigments for more than 100 years, it can be roughly divided into three different stages:
From the emergence of the world's first synthetic organic pigment No. 1 Pigment Red (red monoazo pigment) in 1885 to the advent of phthalocyanine green pigment in 1938, this half century can be regarded as the first development stage. During this period, there are several milestones worth mentioning:
In 1899, Julius synthesized Lithol Red Pigment (C.I. Pigment Red 49:1) by converting water-soluble dyes into lakes. Later, in 1902, C.I. Pigment Red 53:1 came out, and in 1903, Lithol Red (C.I. Pigment Red 57:1) was also put on the market.
The first anthraquinone vat dye Indanthrene Blue (C.I. Vat Blue 4, or C.I. Pigment Blue 60) was invented in 1901.
In 1910, the German Hearst Hansa series pigments were put on the market.
In 1936, the British Chemical Industry Company developed the phthalocyanine blue pigment, and in 1938, the phthalocyanine green came out.
In this first development stage, the main problem to be solved is to replace the natural inorganic pigments and natural organic pigments (mostly dyes) used in the early days with synthetic organic pigments, and to make the chromatogram basically compatible. Artificial organic synthesis solves the limitations of natural pigments in terms of sources and varieties, opens up the application field, and in a sense, makes "the former Wang Xie Tang Qian Yan flew into the homes of ordinary people."
The forty years from the end of the Second World
- Categories:Industry News
- Author:
- Origin:
- Time of issue:2020-10-09 17:45
- Views:
Information
Summary
After more than 30 years of hard work, China has become the world's largest producer and exporter of organic pigments. How to further develop and transform from a "manufacturing power" into a "manufacturing power" is a question that every Chinese painter must seriously think about. We should be soberly aware that even though China's organic pigments have been ranked first in the world in terms of production capacity, output, or export in terms of tonnage, most of the products are based on imitation, which is only "like in shape" rather than "Like", in most cases, only "knowing what is happening" but not "knowing what is happening" for production processes and technologies. If these problems are not resolved, it will restrict further development to the high-end market. The key to achieving the grand goal of a "manufacturing power" is "China's intelligent manufacturing", and its core is scientific and technological innovation. You need to calm down, lay a solid foundation, conduct in-depth research, and strive for perfection. Instead of imitating the product, you must strive to do better, surpassing the predecessors in terms of quality and cost. At the same time, on the global stage, we must fully understand and strictly abide by the rules of the game.
I. Introduction
In the past 30 years, thanks to the progress of reform and opening up and globalization, China's organic pigments have developed rapidly. Today, China has become the world's largest producer and exporter of pigments.
Today's international organic pigment field is surging, which not only provides rare opportunities for China's organic pigment industry, but also poses many challenges.
How should we develop in the future? This is a question that every Chinese painter should seriously consider.
This article attempts to talk about some of the author's views and opinions on this issue, hoping to play a role in attracting new ideas.
2. The evolution of the world's organic pigments
Stones from other hills, can learn. Let us first review the growth and development history of international organic pigments, and then consider China's organic pigment industry in the framework of globalization.
To love beauty is the innate nature of human beings. Since ancient times, humans have been decorating and beautifying their lives through the use of colors. Archaeological discoveries show that cave paintings dating back more than 30,000 years have shown that the prehistoric people at that time used natural inorganic pigments. The use of more vivid natural organic coloring materials also has a history of thousands of years [1]. People at that time did not understand the difference between dyes and pigments. Early coloring materials, whether they were dyes or pigments in essence, were derived from natural substances, with limited sources, incomplete chromatograms, and unsatisfactory performance. The solution of these problems awaits the advent of synthetic coloring materials.
In 1856, William Perkin synthesized Aniline Violet, which opened a precedent for synthetic coloring materials. Not long after, in 1858, Griess discovered the diazotization reaction and azo compounds, which laid the foundation for the synthesis of azo dyes and pigments. The initial work was mainly to synthesize organic dyes for the coloring of textile materials. Organic pigments are developed along with the technological progress of organic dyes.
Throughout the development history of synthetic organic pigments for more than 100 years, it can be roughly divided into three different stages:
From the emergence of the world's first synthetic organic pigment No. 1 Pigment Red (red monoazo pigment) in 1885 to the advent of phthalocyanine green pigment in 1938, this half century can be regarded as the first development stage. During this period, there are several milestones worth mentioning:
In 1899, Julius synthesized Lithol Red Pigment (C.I. Pigment Red 49:1) by converting water-soluble dyes into lakes. Later, in 1902, C.I. Pigment Red 53:1 came out, and in 1903, Lithol Red (C.I. Pigment Red 57:1) was also put on the market.
The first anthraquinone vat dye Indanthrene Blue (C.I. Vat Blue 4, or C.I. Pigment Blue 60) was invented in 1901.
In 1910, the German Hearst Hansa series pigments were put on the market.
In 1936, the British Chemical Industry Company developed the phthalocyanine blue pigment, and in 1938, the phthalocyanine green came out.
In this first development stage, the main problem to be solved is to replace the natural inorganic pigments and natural organic pigments (mostly dyes) used in the early days with synthetic organic pigments, and to make the chromatogram basically compatible. Artificial organic synthesis solves the limitations of natural pigments in terms of sources and varieties, opens up the application field, and in a sense, makes "the former Wang Xie Tang Qian Yan flew into the homes of ordinary people."
The forty years from the end of the Second World War to the end of the 1980s can be regarded as the second stage of development. During this period, the focus of development was to improve the performance of organic pigments through the development of new hair color systems. Especially worth mentioning are the following important milestones:
In 1954, Ciba Chemical Industry Company of Switzerland developed azo condensation organic pigments.
In 1958, DuPont of the United States introduced quinacridone red organic pigment.
In 1960, the German Hearst Company developed benzimidazolone organic pigments.
In 1964, Gegey of Switzerland developed isoindolinone pigments, and later BASF of Germany introduced isoindolinone pigments.
In 1986, Ciba-Geigy of Switzerland launched a new series of diketopyrrolopyrrole organic pigments on the market.
The advent of these new hair color systems has provided the market with brighter colors, more varieties, and better performance in various applications, providing humans with more and better tools to beautify their lives. At the same time, it also laid the foundation for the wider application of organic pigments. From the work at this stage, we can also see that the pursuit of a better life and the improvement of the quality of life are endless.
It is worth noting that after the advent of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) pigments, no important new hair color systems have appeared so far. On the one hand, this is because the development and research cost of the new hair color system is huge, the success rate is very low, and the return on investment is not guaranteed. On the other hand, it is also because the existing hair color system can basically meet the needs of all current application fields. Therefore, people's attention began to shift from broad to deep, from general to refined.
The thirty years from the early 1990s to the present can be regarded as the third stage of development. The development of this period can be broadly summarized as excellence, deep and detailed. Major multinational companies promote the in-depth development of organic pigments in their own ways from their own perspectives. It is worth mentioning that there are the following aspects of work:
In-depth research on the chemical structure, physical form and surface properties of the existing hair color system;
Change the performance on the basis of the existing chemical structure to meet the needs of new applications, so as to develop new products and open up new application areas;
Further optimize existing products to meet the higher quality requirements of customers in existing applications;
Further optimization of product production technology, reducing costs, reducing pollution, and improving safety;
Standardization and systematization of quality management;
Optimize production capacity settings and make more rational use of production capacity.
3. The development and status quo of organic pigments in China
Before 1949, China was basically blank in the field of organic pigments. At that time, China had neither by-products of the coking industry as basic organic raw materials, and lack of corresponding technology, domestic organic pigments basically relied on imports from abroad. After the founding of New China, Jilin Dyestuff Factory began to produce some important intermediates. Under the unified arrangement of the government, several large dyestuff factories across the country have also begun to produce organic pigments, but the scale is small, and there are fewer than two companies producing organic pigments in the country. Ten [2]. Generally speaking, before the end of the 1970s, China's organic pigments had not yet formed an independent discipline, nor had it reached an industrial scale.
It is the reform and opening up that gave birth to the development of organic pigments in China. The restructuring in the 1990s promoted the vigorous development of private enterprises. With the rapid development of the country's economic construction and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the domestic demand for organic pigments in China has increased significantly, which has stimulated the growth of China's organic pigment output. The adjustment of the western pigment industry at the end of the last century also helped to a large extent the export of Chinese organic pigments.
At present, there are nearly 70 companies producing organic pigments in China, of which 15 have large production capacity [3]. The organic pigment products produced in China cover almost all existing chemical structures.
China's organic pigment output in 2019 was 215,000 tons, accounting for nearly 60% of the world's total output that year, and the export of products was about 126,000 tons [4].
After more than 30 years of development, China has truly become the world's largest and most important producer and exporter of organic pigments.
In recent years, the Chinese government has intensified its efforts in environmental protection and safety. From a short-term perspective, it will certainly have a certain impact on the pigment industry, but from a long-term perspective, this will encourage companies to take a new path to reduce environmental pollution, improve safety levels, and enable sustainable and healthy development.
Although China's organic pigment industry has made great achievements in the past 30 years and has become the world's largest "manufacturing country" in terms of scale, there are many inherent and deep-seated problems, and the gap with developed countries is still huge. of.
4. Opportunities and challenges faced by China's organic pigments
From the perspective of life cycle, after more than 120 years of development, the international pigment industry is already in a mature period, and most products are in a mature and declining period. But don’t worry. Not only will the organic pigment industry not die, but the market will continue to grow. Because this world always needs to be decorated with colors, it is difficult to imagine a black and white world. Moreover, human beings will have higher and higher requirements for the quality of life, higher and higher requirements for pigments, and greater appetite.
In the past 120 years, it can be said that the global organic pigment industry was dominated by developed countries in Europe and America in the first 100 years. The emerging Asian developing countries, China and India, have gradually developed in the past three decades.
After long-term investment and accumulation, multinational companies in developed countries in Europe and the United States are in a leading position in all aspects of organic pigment production technology, product quality, application technology, market network and after-sales service, and this advantage will continue to be considerable. For a long time. However, "the sunset is infinitely good, but it's near dusk". Today's customers not only have stringent requirements for product quality and service quality, but they also continue to put forward higher requirements for cost performance. Western developed countries have limited room for further cost optimization.
Back to the topic of product life cycle, since the Swiss Ciba-Geigy Company put diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments on the market in the mid-1980s, there has been no newer hair color system in the entire organic pigment industry. The basic patents of most products have expired. Market competition has become very fierce.
Generally speaking, in a mature industrial field, many mature products can be regained vitality through product differentiation and market segmentation. This is exactly what multinational corporations in western developed countries have done in the past two decades. For example, more than 20 years ago, the Ciba Pigment Department in Switzerland started to differentiate some products and segment the market. About ten years ago, in the face of the overcapacity of the global pigment industry, after analyzing and subdividing the market, BASF’s pigment department decided to take the initiative to abandon some low-end products, and actively shut down some factories to reduce production capacity, while taking a series of adjustment measures. Optimize the utilization of production capacity.
The global pattern in the future is likely to be that multinational companies in developed countries will continue to gradually "leave" the low-end market, but will do their best to maintain the high-end market. The Asian developing countries will continue to gradually occupy the low-end market and gradually expand to the high-end market.
In fact, the past 30 years have witnessed the development of China's organic pigment industry from small to large. This laid the material foundation for future development.
For China's organic pigment industry, it is now an opportunity that has not been seen in a century. If we can successfully seize this opportunity, then China's organic pigments can take this to leap to a new level, turning from a "manufacturing power" into a "manufacturing power", and then dominate the organic pigment industry in the next 100 years.
In the 17th century, French thinker and mathematician Descartes once said, "Opportunities always favor those who are prepared." Facing such a historical opportunity, facing the transition from "Made in China" to "Intelligent manufacturing in China", With the ambitious goal of turning a “manufacturing power” into a “manufacturing power”, every Chinese painter should ask himself a question, “Are we ready?”
5. China's organic pigments need to be formalized and resolved
After more than 30 years of ups and downs, China's organic pigments have gradually grown from small to large. Nowadays, no matter in terms of total production capacity, total output, or total sales, they have all ranked first in the world. This has become an indisputable fact. So. Can we therefore say that China has successfully risen, and it is only a matter of time before it can achieve a gorgeous turn from a "manufacturing power" to a "manufacturing power"? We need to calmly analyze this issue and take it seriously.
We should see and admit that we lack independent intellectual property rights in many key technologies. In fact, the vast majority of products and manufacturing processes in China's organic pigment industry are based on imitations, and in many places they only achieve "likeness" rather than "likeness". The production process and quality control of many products are still in a state of "knowing them but not knowing why". Once new opportunities arise in the market and customers put forward higher requirements, we often feel at a loss and feel unable to proceed. Therefore, although the total amount has become the world's first, the industry is large but not strong. In other words, the foundation is not strong. From the perspective of sustainable development, there may be serious shortcomings in the driving force. With the passage of time, with the development of the market and with the increasingly fierce competition, the deep-seated contradictions and problems in China's organic pigment industry will become increasingly prominent.
The ability of independent innovation is not strong, and the lack of core technology and brand puts the industry in the middle and low end of the international industrial division system.
The formation of the international division of labor system is not determined by subjective wishes, and it is a dynamic process. In the past 30 years of globalization, the output of organic pigments in Europe and the United States has gradually declined, while the emerging Asian developing countries have gradually increased, especially in China, where the organic pigment industry has developed rapidly. However, we should see that this rapid development is largely based on cost advantages. It is certainly not easy to get here today. "Made in China" has resounded all over the world. In the eyes of Westerners, "Made in India" and "Made in China" have almost become synonymous with cheap products. As the world's largest "manufacturing country" of organic pigments, China has to look ahead and look back at the future. In the past, there were multinational corporations in developed countries with strong innovation capabilities and advanced manufacturing capabilities that they had accumulated over a century. Later, emerging developing countries such as India are catching up. They may have a greater advantage in terms of cost. How long can our cost advantage be maintained? The future is slow, and there is no room for blind optimism. You must keep a clear head and be prepared for danger in times of peace.
From this point of view, the optimization and upgrading of China's organic pigment industry has become an inherent demand for sustainable development and the realization of ambitious goals.
The key to turning from a "manufacturing power" into a "manufacturing power" is "China's intelligent manufacturing", and its core is scientific and technological innovation. The prerequisite for technological innovation, in the author's view, is the improvement of cognitive level and the cultivation of innovation ability. There are a large number of well-educated, smart and hardworking young scientific and technological workers in China's organic pigment industry. They have good basic knowledge of chemistry and engineering, as well as professional training and basic ability training. However, they may be subject to some shortcomings of educational methods. They may sometimes lack innovative initiative, innovative thinking, and the diversification capabilities necessary for innovation. In this regard, we must have a clear understanding, take it seriously, and work hard to solve it.
6. How should China's organic pigments develop?
In today's globalization, the development of the organic pigment industry and enterprises is a systematic project, which requires comprehensive consideration of various issues, and all aspects need to be well grasped. Here, the author only talks about some views and opinions on a few particularly important aspects, which may not be correct and are for reference only.
1. Understand and follow the rules of the game
China’s organic pigments have developed to this day, and it’s impossible for us to stay closed. With China's entry into the World Trade Organization, our focus is no longer limited to the domestic market. We need to play an important role on the international stage and win everyone's recognition and respect. Therefore, we must understand and abide by the relevant rules of the game. The following aspects are especially important:
A) Related laws
The major influences are the free competition law implemented in Europe and the antitrust law implemented in the United States. The formulation and implementation of these laws are designed to protect the interests of customers or consumers. The law strictly restricts the exchange of sensitive information and coordinated actions between companies in the same industry. To a certain extent, there are also certain restrictions on the exchange of information between the supply and demand sides. The punishment is extremely severe, and the consequences are very serious. This article will not go into details.
B) Intellectual Property
China became a member of the "Paris Convention" in 1985. The basic purpose of the Paris Convention is to ensure that the industrial property rights of member states are protected in all other member states. Before and after joining the Convention, China has enacted supporting laws, such as trademark law and patent law.
China’s Patent Law was formulated and implemented in 1985. After two revisions in 1992 and 2000, it has been further improved. In 1994, China formally joined the International Patent Cooperation Treaty (Patent Cooperation Treaty, referred to as PCT). As a member state, China's filing, search and examination of applications for protection of inventions can be carried out within the framework of the International Patent Cooperation Union.
For companies, patent law has a dual role. On the one hand, before starting a new project, an enterprise must first understand whether there is a "minefield" in the product or technology to be developed, that is, whether there is effective patent protection. In this way, unnecessary legal disputes after the event and waste of initial investment can be avoided. On the other hand, once Chinese pigment companies achieve innovative results through independent research and development, develop new products, discover new applications, or invent new processes, companies can protect their intellectual property rights through patent applications.
C) Regulations related to product safety
Following the principles of sustainable development, including responsible care, governments and industries of various countries have successively formulated various regulations to stipulate product safety and related registration. Of particular concern is REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals), the European Union’s system for the supervision of all chemicals entering its market, which came into effect in 2007 and was implemented in 2008. This is a regulation involving the safety of chemical production, trade and use, aimed at protecting human health and environmental safety, maintaining and improving the competitiveness of the EU chemical industry, increasing the transparency of chemical use, and pursuing sustainable social development.
The implementation of REACH has largely restricted the export of Chinese organic pigments to Europe. In order to overcome this barrier, we need to improve our own relevant level of awareness, and we need to work closely with international customers.
2. Green and sustainable development
In recent years, the government has increased its efforts in environmental protection and safety management, and the effect is obvious. Today, we can often see blue sky and white clouds. Of course, the price is quite high. In particular, the one-size-fits-all approach adopted by some local governments has had a great impact on many organic pigment and intermediate companies. Although the practices in some places need to be improved, environmental protection and safety governance are necessary. This is responsible for the country, for mankind, for one's own family and for one's own health.
The industrial revolution originated in Britain. In the early days, people lacked environmental awareness, and serious pollution occurred in both the atmosphere and rivers. The capital, London, has also become a notorious "fog city". The famous British writer Dickens once described: "That was the best time and the worst time; it was a bright time and a dark time; it was a spring of hope and a sad winter." In the mid-nineteenth century, Severe environmental pollution and its consequences have aroused widespread concern in British society. People demand to improve their living conditions and living environment. Subsequently, the British Parliament passed investigations and studies and successively enacted a number of laws to solve these problems. From the 1847 "River Law", which prohibited the pollution of any water source used as public water supply, to the "Clean Atmosphere Law" of 1953, after more than one hundred years of hard work, the environmental pollution caused by the early industrial revolution was effectively controlled. The former "Mist City" has long been clear water, blue sky and beautiful scenery.
From the environmental pollution during the industrial revolution to today's ecological model, Britain has left many experiences and lessons worthy of reflection. China's chemical industry and organic pigment industry must take a green, environmentally friendly and safe development path. In fact, more than 30 years of development have laid the foundation for China's organic pigment industry. We should and are fully capable of reducing the emissions of the three wastes, reducing energy consumption, optimizing benefits, and reducing costs through process optimization and improvement. According to the actual situation of each enterprise, we can consider learning from the concept of "integration", make full use of resources, and take the road of circular economy.
Regarding safety, the Xiangshui explosion has brought us blood lessons. At any time, there can be no fluke thoughts. There is no compromise on security issues. The improvement of intrinsic safety is the key, and the cognitive level and safety awareness of the operators are indispensable. In this regard, many practices of multinational companies in developed countries are worth learning from. For example, product production process books often spend a lot of space describing the safety risks and precautions of chemicals and processes themselves. When we imitate products, we can't just look at the description of the production process and ignore the details of safety.
3. Deepen the understanding of pigments in all directions, and promote technological innovation
In the early stage of the development of organic pigments in China, imitation played a role in a quick start, which is undeniable. Through imitation, it can develop into a "manufacturing country" and lay the foundation for further development in the future. However, if you want to become a "manufacturing power", you must greatly enhance your company's core competitiveness. Technological innovation is the only way to enhance the core competitiveness of an enterprise.
In the author’s opinion, the “strongness” of the “manufacturing power” should include the ability to meet the needs of low-end and medium-end customers as well as the needs of high-end customers; it can not only meet the needs of today’s market, and become a new one tomorrow. When applications and needs arise, they can also rely on strong technical strength to quickly develop pigment products that meet the requirements; when the market places higher requirements on product performance, they can improve product performance through process adjustments, and provide customers with timely satisfaction The requested product. At the same time, it can further optimize the process, improve safety, reduce costs, and maintain a competitive advantage. And all of these are "heads". The most fundamental thing is to truly master the core technology and enhance the ability of technological innovation. This is the "Outline."
Independent innovation is the discovery, invention, innovation and development based on the achievements of predecessors. It is to develop new technologies or new products to solve practical problems for customers, create market opportunities for enterprises and generate profits. Pure imitation is not the same as scientific research and innovation.
Technological innovation first needs to lay a solid foundation. It is necessary to thoroughly understand the performance, quality, application and production process of organic pigments. First of all, scientific and technical personnel must give full play to their subjective initiative, actively and actively observe, think, and discover problems, and strive to explore and find solutions to problems, instead of looking forward to ready-made answers and solutions. This requires being able to calm down, be able to be down-to-earth, concentrate on research, and have the spirit of ingenuity. Ren Zhengfei once said, "The development of basic science must be able to withstand loneliness. It's not just about sitting on the bench for ten years, some people will be lonely all their lives."
When it comes to independent innovation, it is necessary to clarify some misunderstandings. Some people may think that the independent innovation of organic pigments is to invent a new color system or chemical structure. No. In fact, since the advent of DPP in the 1980s, there has been almost no new and important color system in the entire international organic pigment industry. Independent innovation is to create new and useful things based on the work of predecessors, provide solutions for customers, create value for the society, and bring development to the enterprise. This requires scientific and technical personnel in the organic pigment industry to pay close attention to timely understand market information, understand what customers need, and then combine the technical capabilities of their own companies to crystallize specific R&D projects and organize forces to carry out R&D.
4. Be bigger and stronger
The Organic Pigment Professional Committee of China Dyestuff Industry Association used the concept of "three echelons" to describe the competitive landscape of the global organic pigment industry in the 2019 industry annual report [3]. According to this classification, multinational companies in developed countries are regarded as the "first echelon", large enterprises in developing countries are classified as the "second echelon", and some small enterprises with a single production variety are classified as the "third echelon". Obviously, the main focus of this classification method is the specific enterprise and its product category and scale.
In addition, if you focus on the market served by the organic pigment industry, it can also be divided into three parts: "low-end", "middle-end" and "high-end". In terms of scale, or "stamina", it also appears as a triangle. The low-end market has the greatest physical strength, providing a large number of employment opportunities for the organic pigment industry and a large number of "rice bowls" for the society, which Westerners call "bread and butter". However, due to the low requirements for product performance and quality, the lowest barriers to entry, and fierce competition, "rice bowls" are easy to obtain and easy to lose. Moreover, because this market is mainly focused on price, the business model is "small profits but quick turnover", and disorderly competition often occurs. Therefore, although it is possible to "satisfy" but it is difficult to "rich", the operators are "daunted." After eating this meal, I wonder if there will be another meal. The high-end market has the least tonnage, but the highest value, because the performance and quality of the product are higher, and sometimes there are some special requirements, and accordingly, the barriers to entry are relatively high. Needless to say, the mid-range market is somewhere in between.
As far as the current situation is concerned, although China's organic pigments have a large market share, they are still dominated by the low-end market, and only a few have entered the high-end market. Tracing to the source is still due to shortcomings in the mastery of core technology and the ability to innovate. If you don't really master the core technology, you can only do "me too" at best (I also have it).
What needs to be realized is that with the development of the industrial fields served by the market, the requirements for product performance will also increase. Even if a certain product produced today meets the performance requirements of a certain market, it may be regarded as "unqualified" tomorrow. Therefore, with a timeline, it is conceivable that the applicability of the product to the market is dynamic. The worst-performing products will gradually be eliminated, even for products used in the low-end market, performance requirements will gradually increase. In addition, with the optimization of production processes and the reduction of costs, some high-end organic pigment products that were originally limited to the high-end market may also enter the mid-range market, thereby increasing the market's requirements for the quality of organic pigments.
China's organic pigments need to develop towards high quality. However, this does not mean that everyone is going to make "high-end organic pigments." After all, the distribution of the market determines the size of each part. In the foreseeable future, high-end organic pigments cannot yet cover all markets. Many organic pigments, although artificially classified as "traditional organic pigments", such as phthalocyanine blue-green, will continue to enjoy an important position due to their high performance and low cost. There are also many azo pigments, although they have a history of nearly a hundred years and are absolutely "traditional organic pigments", they are still promising and are still widely used. Therefore, to develop towards high quality means to be refined, to strive for perfection, to make characteristics, and to enhance one's own competitiveness.
Under the premise of being more refined and stronger, it is also an important development direction to expand the market share and expand the scale of operation. In addition to "organic growth", it is also possible to form a scale through the reorganization of enterprises and the agglomeration of industries, to further optimize the allocation of resources, reduce costs, and enhance competitiveness. In short, only by becoming stronger can we go further.
Seven, conclusion
The past 30 years have witnessed the development of organic pigments in China from small to large. But we should clearly see the shortcomings. The shortcoming is that the mastery of core technologies is not enough, and the ability to keep up with the times in research and development and innovation is lacking. Therefore, we are still "big but not strong." In order to be able to grasp the new opportunities brought by globalization and meet the new challenges, every Chinese painter must be steadfast, work hard, try to make up for the shortcomings, strive for perfection, do meticulously, and promote China's organic pigments to a higher level. Quality development. If these can be truly achieved, then Chinese organic pigments will leap to a new level. At that time, Chinese pigment people could proudly say that the world's organic pigments will be dominated by China in the next 100 years.
8. Literature
【1】W. Herbst & K. Hunger, Industrial Organic Pigments, 3rd Ed. (2004)
[2] Zhou Chunlong, "Review of Organic Pigment Industry" (2010)
[3] Zhang Shuihe, Zhang Yanshen, Chen Xinhua, "2019 Annual Report on Organic Pigment Industry" (2020)
[4] Shi Xianping, "Overview of the dyeing and pigment industry and countermeasures in the post-epidemic era" (2020)
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